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8
Long-Term Cap Stability
Considerations in Long-Term Stability
When contaminated material is isolated from the environment through
a dredged material capping operation, it is essential that not only the preci-
sion and thoroughness of initial cap placement be considered but also the
long-term integrity, or stability, of the capped deposit be evaluated on a
regular basis. A critical element in successful performance of a cap is
preservation of an adequate thickness of this clean material to control flux
of contaminants and isolate the contaminated sediments from benthic or-
ganisms. In evaluating long-term cap stability, factors that must be ad-
dressed include the following:
a. Possible consolidation (of capping material, contaminated sediment,
and foundation material) for effect on long-term site capacity, dif-
ferentiation from erosion, and quantification of contaminated pore
water volume expelled.
b. Potential for erosion (considering the wave and current conditions
at the disposal site and dredged material particle size and cohesion).
If erosion or consolidation causes the cap to be too thin to effectively
isolate the contaminated material from the surrounding environment, then
remedial actions will be required to reestablish cap integrity. This chapter
presents detailed procedures to evaluate long-term physical stability of
subaqueous dredged material caps, considering consolidation and erosion
processes. These processes are discussed in the following paragraphs,
along with recommended techniques and computer models available for
analysis.
A critical step in cap design is to use the information from Chapter 7 in
determining a design cap thickness (or a trial thickness for detailed evalu-
ations such as decribed in this chapter). Selecting a design cap thickness
is a function of an acceptable level of risk. Assessment of consolidation
is mathematically straightforward, while the very stochastic nature of ero-
sion makes it much more complicated to predict. Definitive guidance on
cap stability is difficult because the level of acceptable risk will likely vary
from location to location. Further discussion of risk-related cap design
topics are found at the end of this chapter.
79
Chapter 8 Long-Term Cap Stability

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