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 microscopic alterations (cellular hypertrophy) were noted in both mid- and high-
dose animals and seemed to be dose-dependent. The lowest observed adverse
effects level (LOAEL) of 350 mg/kg/day is based on hepatotoxicity; the no
observed adverse effects level (NOAEL) is 175 mg/kg/day.
Toxicokinetics
Like other PAH compounds, acenaphthene is oxidized by liver enzymes to
form water-soluble derivatives that can be excreted in urine. No data were
located on the absorption of acenaphthene in laboratory animals or humans. In
the absence of data, it is assumed that 100 percent of acenaphthene is absorbed
via the oral or inhalation exposure routes.
Ecological effects
In aquatic acute toxicity tests EC50 values of 41,200 and 1,700 ug/L are
reported for the cladoceran Daphnia magna and the bluegill, respectively. In
saltwater species, the acute toxicity (96-hr LC50) values for shrimp and
sheepshead minnow are 970 ug/L and 2,230 ug/L, respectively. A chronic value
of 710 ug/L is reported for the sheepshead minnow, yielding an acute:chronic
ratio of 3:1.
A bioconcentration factor of 387 has been determined for bluegill sunfish.
A study summarizing the toxicity of a variety of compounds to wild and
domestic bird species indicates that the LD50 of acenaphthene for redwinged
blackbird is greater than 100 mg/kg.
D2
Appendix D Toxicological Profiles
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