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 Anthracene has been tested for carcinogenicity in a number of different
species, using a variety of routes of administration, with primarily negative
results. There is no evidence that anthracene is active in short-term tests. IARC
(1983) concludes that the available data provide no evidence that anthracene is
carcinogenic to experimental animals.
Toxicokinetics
In the review of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, the USEPA (1982) notes
that anthracene appears to be converted to 1,2-dihydroanthracene-1,2-diols and
their glucuronides. In an investigation in which anthracene was incubated with
rat liver preparations (Akhtar et al. 1979 as cited in IARC 1983), the major
metabolite was identified as the 1,2-dihydrodiol. It has also been reported that
the 1,2-dihydrodiol, 9,10-anthraquinone, 9,10-dihydrodiol, and 2,9,10-
trihydroxyanthracene have been identified as metabolites in rat urine, together
with conjugates consistent with the formation of the 1,2-oxide (Sims 1964 as
cited in IARC 1983).
Ecological effects
The profile for benzo(a)pyrene provides a generic description of the potential
environmental effects of PAHs as a class of compounds. A no-effect level of
5 mg/L was observed for trout in an acute (24-hr) exposure. Adequate data for
characterization of toxicity to domestic animals and wildlife are not available.
Reported levels in sediments:
mg/kg
Penobscot Bay, ME,
outer region
0.0069
Buzzards Bay,
New Bedford, MA
0.0070 - 0.0080
Penobscot Bay, ME,
inner region
0.0234
New York Bight
0.0391
The Graves, Boston MA
0.0420
Boston Harbor
0.0725
Buzzards Bay
New Bedford, MA
0.1700
Boston Harbor
Aquarium/Fort Point
0.2450
Boston Harbor
0.2833
Buzzards Bay,
New Bedford, MA
0.3400
Chelsea River, MA
0.4110
Long Island Sound
0.4550
Savern Estuary, U.K.
02.4
D6
Appendix D Toxicological Profiles
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