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ERDC TN-DOER-C12
February 2000
be required; and any warrantees and quality assurances for successful performance of manufactured
products.
Building Blocks or Similar Products: To evaluate the potential for manufacturing building
blocks in a particular location, local sources and types of solid wastes will need to be identified.
Waste materials can be in many forms, such as foundry sand, slag, waste glass, stone dust, fly ash,
gypsum, spent lime, etc. The quality, quantity, and availability of these materials must be deter-
mined. Potential markets for the building blocks will need to be identified. These could include,
but are not limited to, security walls, walk-through gardens with walls and planters, garden patios
and walkways, and buildings. Characterization tests of the dredged material should be conducted
in accordance with Winfield and Lee (1999) and Lee (1999). Preliminary tests of blends of the
dredged material, available waste materials, and binders should be conducted. Various commercial
entities that have patented formulations or proprietary processes can conduct appropriate tests.
Results of the characterization and preliminary tests should be presented to local authorities for their
review, comment, and approval as a potential acceptable product. There are no universal contami-
nant concentration standards for building blocks that are acceptable in all situations. A number of
states have or are attempting to establish acceptable contaminant screening levels for some soil
materials used for residential and industrial purposes. The basis for these screening levels varies
from state to state. In some cases, background concentrations of contaminants in typical local soils
are considered, while other screening levels are related to risk assessments. Concerns have been
raised regarding the environmental safety of building blocks that may contain contaminants. The
leachability and migration of contaminants out of the blocks and into the environment have been
questioned. Some leachate testing of the blocks could be conducted to provide supportive data for
the environmental safety of the product. Controls for such testing would most likely be locally
available concrete building blocks. Risk assessments of the manufactured blocks and their use can
also be conducted to support the potential safe use of the product. In either case, local regulatory
authorities will decide the acceptability of the building blocks and their uses for any and all
construction purposes. Coordination with local entities, such as municipal, county, State, and
Federal agencies, that have requirements for building blocks or similar products should be conducted
to identify potential markets. A commercialization plan should be developed using available
resource materials. Participants in the development of the commercialization plan will vary from
location to location. They can be, but are not limited to, commercial entities that have appropriate
proprietary technology or a licensed entity, sources of available residual waste materials, and other
interested entities. The plan should then be submitted to the appropriate entity(ies) with authority
over the dredged material to be reclaimed.
Issues that may require resolution prior to implementation can be, but are not limited to, real estate
issues of ownership of the dredged material and/or confined placement facility where the dredged
material is stored; fees to the owner of the dredged material required for the removal of dredged
material; fees to the contractor for the removal of the dredged material; mechanisms used to
implement a commercialization plan such as contract or bidding or sole source contract; technology
licensing mechanisms such as who is required to obtain the license; liability for products produced
and/or uses of the dredged material derived products; acquisition of any and all appropriate permits
that may be required; and any warrantees and quality assurances for successful performance of
manufactured products.
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