References - trdoer40176

Concentrations causing 50 percent reductions in the growth rates of marine

diatoms range from 60 ug/l to 175 ug/l. One of the most sensitive marine plants

is a red algae, Champia parvula, due to growth inhibition at cadmium

concentration of 22.8 ug/l.

Bioconcentration factors (BCF) determined with a variety of saltwater

invertebrates range from 5 to 3,160. BCF for bivalve mollusks were above 1,000

in long exposures with no indication that a steady state had been reached.

References

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. (1992). "Toxicological

profile for cadmium," Draft, U.S. Public Health Service, Washington, DC.

Chaney, R. L. (1982). "Fate of toxic substances in sludge applied to cropland."

Proceedings of an International Symposium on Land Application of Sewage

Sludge. Tokyo, Japan.

Davis, R. D., Beckett, P. H. T., and Wollan, E. (1978). "Critical levels of twenty

potentially toxic elements in young spring barley," Plant and Soil 49,95.

Kabata-Pendias, A., and Pendias, H. (1984). Trace elements in soils and plants.

CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL.

Sanders, C. L., and Mahaffey, J. A. (1984). "Carcinogenicity of single and

multiple intratracheal installations of cadmium oxide in the rat," Environ.

Res. 33, 227-233.

Takenaka, S., Oldiges, H., Konig, H., Hochrainer, D., and Oberdoerster, G.

(1983). "Carcinogenicity of cadmium aerosols in Wistar rats," J. Natl.

Cancer Inst. 70, 367-373.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1984). "Ambient water quality criteria

for cadmium," EPA 440/5-84-32, PB 85-227031, Office of Water Regulations

and Standards, Criteria and Standards Division, Washington, DC.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1985a). "Updated mutagenicity and

carcinogenicity assessment of cadmium," Final Report, EPA-600/8-83/025F,

Office of Health and Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC.

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (1985b). "Drinking water criteria

document on cadmium," Office of Drinking Water, Washington, DC.

D24

Appendix D Toxicological Profiles