2.3.6 Statistical Considerations

A well-designed sampling plan is essential to the collection, preservation, and

storage of samples so that potential toxicity and bioaccumulation can be

accurately assessed. The implementation of such a plan is equally essential for

dredged material, control material, and reference material.

2.3.6 Statistical Considerations

A number of the pathway evaluations require comparison of test results with

standards or reference material test results. Statistical significance should be

considered in making such comparisons. The need for statistical comparisons is

stated as appropriate in the respective pathway chapters, and additional detail on

statistical methods applicable for the evaluations in the UTM is presented in

Appendix L.

2.4 References

Cura, J., Heiger-Berneys, W., Bridges, T., and Moore, D. (2001). "Ecological and

human health risk assessment guidance for aquatic environments," Technical

Report DOER-2, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center,

Vicksburg, MS.

Cura, J., Wickwire, T., and McArlde, M. "Ecological and human health risk

assessment guidance for terrestrial environments," DOER Technical Report

(in preparation), U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center,

Vicksburg, MS.

Environmental Protection Agency/U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. (1995).

"QA/QC guidance for sampling and analysis of sediments, water, and tissues

for dredged material evaluations - chemical evaluations," EPA 823-B-95-001,

Office of Water, Washington, DC.

Environmental Protection Agency. (1998). "Guidelines for ecological risk

assessment," EPA/630/R-95/002F. Office of Research and Development,

Washington, DC.

Landis, W. G., Matthews, R. A., Markeiwicz, A. J., and Matthews, G. B. (1993).

"Multivariate analysis of the impacts of the turbine fuel JP-4 in a microcosm

toxicity test with implications for the evaluation of ecosystem dynamics and

risk assessment," Ecotoxicology 2, 271-300.

Moore, D. W., Bridges, T. S., and Cura, J. (1998). "Use of risk assessment in

dredging and dredged material management," Technical Note DOER-R1,

U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS.

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Chapter 2 Structure and Approach of the UTM